Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: Tetrahydropalmatine has analgesic role in mouse model of bone cancer pain by inactivating the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway in dorsal root ganglia

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-03972-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP treatment protected DRG from damage in BCP mice ( A ) HE staining exhibited the palliative effect of THP treatment on DRG damage in BCP mice. ( B - C ) Nissl staining presented that THP treatment was conducive to improve neuronal survival in DRG of BCP mice. ( D - G ) Immunofluorescence staining displayed that THP treatment reduced the expression of c-Fos and TNF-α in DRG of BCP mice. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The treatment of mice in each group was as follows: mice of the Sham group were without any treatment; those of the BCP group were only subjected to the construction of BCP model; those of the BCP + THP 20 mg/kg group and the BCP + THP 40 mg/kg group were firstly subjected to the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg daily (dissolved in 2 mL normal saline), respectively; for mice of the BCP + THP + PMA group, they firstly underwent the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at a dose of 40 mg/kg and pomalidomide (PMA) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily; in terms of the BCP + THP + TNF-α group, mice were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with exogenous TNF-α protein (5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after the construction of BCP; mice of the BCP + THP + Capsaicin group were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with Capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) (6.5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after BCP modeling.

Techniques: Staining, Immunofluorescence, Expressing

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: Tetrahydropalmatine has analgesic role in mouse model of bone cancer pain by inactivating the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway in dorsal root ganglia

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-03972-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP treatment suppressed the activity of the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway in DRG of BCP mice ( A - B ) Immunohistochemistry indicated the suppression effect of THP on the expression of uPA and TNF-α in DRG of BCP mice. ( C - D ) THP treatment decreased serum uPA and TNF-α levels in BCP mice, as demonstrated by ELISA. ( E - H ) qRT-PCR revealed the reduced expression of mRNAs for uPA, TNF-α, PAR2 and TRPV1 in DRG of BCP mice by THP treatment. ( I - M ) Western blot presented the decreased expression of proteins for uPA, TNF-α, PAR2 and TRPV1 in DRG of BCP mice by THP treatment. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The treatment of mice in each group was as follows: mice of the Sham group were without any treatment; those of the BCP group were only subjected to the construction of BCP model; those of the BCP + THP 20 mg/kg group and the BCP + THP 40 mg/kg group were firstly subjected to the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg daily (dissolved in 2 mL normal saline), respectively; for mice of the BCP + THP + PMA group, they firstly underwent the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at a dose of 40 mg/kg and pomalidomide (PMA) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily; in terms of the BCP + THP + TNF-α group, mice were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with exogenous TNF-α protein (5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after the construction of BCP; mice of the BCP + THP + Capsaicin group were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with Capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) (6.5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after BCP modeling.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Immunohistochemistry, Expressing, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: Tetrahydropalmatine has analgesic role in mouse model of bone cancer pain by inactivating the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway in dorsal root ganglia

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-03972-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP protected mouse DRG neurons from BCP-induced damage ( A ) Mouse DRG neurons were successfully isolated, as they were capable of expressing neuronal markers, including NeuN and MAP2. ( B ) CCK-8 assay revealed that THP at concentrations of 1, 5, 10, and 25 µg/mL was not biotoxic to normal DRG neurons. ( C ) THP at concentrations of 5, 10, and 25 µg/mL was effective in treating BCP cell models as demonstrated by CCK-8 assay. ( D ) THP at concentrations of 5 and 25 µg/mL enhanced the viability of BCP cell models as revealed by CCK-8 assay. ( E - F ) Tunel assay suggested that THP at concentrations of 5 and 25 µg/mL suppressed the apoptosis of BCP cell models. ( G - H ) ELISA implied that THP at concentrations of 5 and 25 µg/mL inhibited the expression of uPA and TNF-α in BCP cell models. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The treatment of mice in each group was as follows: mice of the Sham group were without any treatment; those of the BCP group were only subjected to the construction of BCP model; those of the BCP + THP 20 mg/kg group and the BCP + THP 40 mg/kg group were firstly subjected to the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg daily (dissolved in 2 mL normal saline), respectively; for mice of the BCP + THP + PMA group, they firstly underwent the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at a dose of 40 mg/kg and pomalidomide (PMA) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily; in terms of the BCP + THP + TNF-α group, mice were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with exogenous TNF-α protein (5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after the construction of BCP; mice of the BCP + THP + Capsaicin group were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with Capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) (6.5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after BCP modeling.

Techniques: Isolation, Expressing, CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: Tetrahydropalmatine has analgesic role in mouse model of bone cancer pain by inactivating the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway in dorsal root ganglia

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-03972-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP treatment inactivated the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway in BCP-induced DRG neurons ( A - D ) THP treatment suppressed the expression of mRNAs for TNF-α, uPA, PAR2 and TRPV1 in BCP cell models, as proved by qRT-PCR. ( E - I ) Western blot indicated that THP treatment blocked the expression of proteins for TNF-α, uPA, PAR2 and TRPV1 in BCP cell models. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The treatment of mice in each group was as follows: mice of the Sham group were without any treatment; those of the BCP group were only subjected to the construction of BCP model; those of the BCP + THP 20 mg/kg group and the BCP + THP 40 mg/kg group were firstly subjected to the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg daily (dissolved in 2 mL normal saline), respectively; for mice of the BCP + THP + PMA group, they firstly underwent the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at a dose of 40 mg/kg and pomalidomide (PMA) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily; in terms of the BCP + THP + TNF-α group, mice were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with exogenous TNF-α protein (5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after the construction of BCP; mice of the BCP + THP + Capsaicin group were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with Capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) (6.5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after BCP modeling.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: Tetrahydropalmatine has analgesic role in mouse model of bone cancer pain by inactivating the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway in dorsal root ganglia

doi: 10.1186/s12935-025-03972-y

Figure Lengend Snippet: THP treatment might protect mouse DRG neurons from BCP-induced damage via inactivating the TNF-α/uPA/PAR2/TRPV1 pathway ( A ) As revealed by CCK-8 assay, THP and PMA had additive effect, which combination increased the viability of BCP cell models. ( B - C ) By Tunel assay, THP and PMA had additive effect, which combination suppressed the apoptosis of BCP cell models. ( D - E ) By ELISA, THP and PMA had additive effect, which combination reduced the levels of TNF-α and uPA in BCP cell models. ( F - J ) Based on Western blot, THP and PMA had additive effect, which combination suppressed the expression of proteins for TNF-α, uPA, PAR2 and TRPV1 in BCP cell models. * P < 0.05. ** P < 0.01

Article Snippet: The treatment of mice in each group was as follows: mice of the Sham group were without any treatment; those of the BCP group were only subjected to the construction of BCP model; those of the BCP + THP 20 mg/kg group and the BCP + THP 40 mg/kg group were firstly subjected to the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at doses of 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg daily (dissolved in 2 mL normal saline), respectively; for mice of the BCP + THP + PMA group, they firstly underwent the construction of BCP model, and then administered intragastrically with THP at a dose of 40 mg/kg and pomalidomide (PMA) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg daily; in terms of the BCP + THP + TNF-α group, mice were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with exogenous TNF-α protein (5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after the construction of BCP; mice of the BCP + THP + Capsaicin group were administered intragastrically with THP (40 mg/kg) and injected intraperitoneally with Capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) (6.5 mg/kg) (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China) daily after BCP modeling.

Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, TUNEL Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western Blot, Expressing